NAME
    BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

SYNTAX
     busybox <applet> [arguments...]  # or

     <applet> [arguments...]          # if symlinked

DESCRIPTION
    BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
    single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of
    the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The
    utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their
    full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included
    provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
    counterparts.

    BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in
    mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude
    commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize
    your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc,
    and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment
    for any small or embedded system.

    BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
    components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or
    'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable.
    Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.

    After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install
    BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target
    directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when
    configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at
    install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
    CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation
    scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed
    in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.

USAGE
    BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
    program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
    That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary
    acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller
    since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share
    code for many common operations.

    You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
    command line. For example, entering

            /bin/busybox ls

    will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.

    Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So
    most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.

    For example, entering

            ln -s /bin/busybox ls
            ./ls

    will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
    compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
    make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this
    for you when you run the 'make install' command.

    If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list
    of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.

COMMON OPTIONS
    Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse
    runtime description of their behavior. If the
    CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
    usage information will also be available.

COMMANDS
    Currently available applets include:

            [, [[, acpid, add-shell, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, arp, arping,
            ash, awk, base64, basename, beep, blkid, blockdev, bootchartd,
            brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, catv, chat, chattr, chgrp,
            chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear,
            cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date,
            dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay,
            diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, dumpkmap,
            dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir, envuidgid,
            ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset, fbsplash,
            fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgconsole, fgrep, find, findfs, flock,
            fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd, ftpget,
            ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, hdparm,
            head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, hush, hwclock, id, ifconfig,
            ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, install,
            ionice, iostat, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute,
            iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, last,
            length, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap,
            logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lspci,
            lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, lzopcat, makedevs, man, md5sum, mdev,
            mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2,
            mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modinfo,
            modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat, mt, mv, nameif,
            nbd-client, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, ntpd, od,
            openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress,
            pivot_root, pkill, pmap, poweroff, powertop, printenv, printf, ps,
            pscan, pwd, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink,
            readprofile, realpath, reboot, remove-shell, renice, reset, resize,
            rev, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rtcwake, run-parts, runlevel, runsv,
            runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, seq, setarch, setconsole,
            setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum,
            sha256sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, smemcap, softlimit,
            sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin,
            sum, sv, svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl,
            syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp,
            tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true,
            tty, ttysize, tunctl, udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname,
            unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unlzop, unxz, unzip, uptime,
            usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, wall,
            watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, xz, xzcat,
            yes, zcat, zcip

COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
    acpid
        acpid [-d] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-a ACTIONFILE] [-M MAPFILE]
        [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [-p PIDFILE]

        Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival

        Options:

                -c DIR  Config directory [/etc/acpi]
                -d      Don't daemonize, (implies -f)
                -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event]
                -f      Run in foreground
                -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log]
                -p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid]
                -a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf]
                -M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map]

        Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v

    add-shell
        add-shell SHELL...

        Add SHELLs to /etc/shells

    addgroup
        addgroup [-g GID] [USER] GROUP

        Add a group or add a user to a group

        Options:

                -g GID  Group id
                -S      Create a system group

    adduser
        adduser [OPTIONS] USER

        Add a user

        Options:

                -h DIR          Home directory
                -g GECOS        GECOS field
                -s SHELL        Login shell
                -G GRP          Add user to existing group
                -S              Create a system user
                -D              Don't assign a password
                -H              Don't create home directory
                -u UID          User id

    adjtimex
        adjtimex [-q] [-o OFF] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK]

        Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See adjtimex(2)

        Options:

                -q      Quiet
                -o OFF  Time offset, microseconds
                -f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
                        (positive values make clock run faster)
                -t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
                -p TCONST

    arp arp [-vn] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME] [-v] [-i IF] -d HOSTNAME
        [pub] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [temp] [-v] [-H
        HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK] pub [-v] [-H
        HWTYPE] [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub

        Manipulate ARP cache

        Options:

                -a              Display (all) hosts
                -s              Set new ARP entry
                -d              Delete a specified entry
                -v              Verbose
                -n              Don't resolve names
                -i IF           Network interface
                -D              Read <hwaddr> from given device
                -A,-p AF        Protocol family
                -H HWTYPE       Hardware address type

    arping
        arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP

        Send ARP requests/replies

        Options:

                -f              Quit on first ARP reply
                -q              Quiet
                -b              Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
                -D              Duplicated address detection mode
                -U              Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
                -A              ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
                -c N            Stop after sending N ARP requests
                -w TIMEOUT      Time to wait for ARP reply, seconds
                -I IFACE        Interface to use (default eth0)
                -s SRC_IP       Sender IP address
                DST_IP          Target IP address

    awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...

        Options:

                -v VAR=VAL      Set variable
                -F SEP          Use SEP as field separator
                -f FILE         Read program from FILE

    base64
        base64 [-d] [FILE]

        Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output Options:

                -d      Decode data

    basename
        basename FILE [SUFFIX]

        Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE

    beep
        beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n

        Options:

                -f      Frequency in Hz
                -l      Length in ms
                -d      Delay in ms
                -r      Repetitions
                -n      Start new tone

    blkid
        blkid

        Print UUIDs of all filesystems

    blockdev
        blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV

        Options:

                --setro         Set ro
                --setrw         Set rw
                --getro         Get ro
                --getss         Get sector size
                --getbsz        Get block size
                --setbsz BYTES  Set block size
                --getsize       Get device size in 512-byte sectors
                --getsize64     Get device size in bytes
                --flushbufs     Flush buffers
                --rereadpt      Reread partition table

    bootchartd
        bootchartd start [PROG ARGS]|stop|init

        Create /var/log/bootchart.tgz with boot chart data

        Options:

        start: start background logging; with PROG, run PROG, then kill
        logging with USR1 stop: send USR1 to all bootchartd processes init:
        start background logging; stop when getty/xdm is seen (for init
        scripts) Under PID 1: as init, then exec $bootchart_init, /init,
        /sbin/init

    brctl
        brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]]

        Manage ethernet bridges

        Commands:

                show                    Show a list of bridges
                addbr BRIDGE            Create BRIDGE
                delbr BRIDGE            Delete BRIDGE
                addif BRIDGE IFACE      Add IFACE to BRIDGE
                delif BRIDGE IFACE      Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
                setageing BRIDGE TIME           Set ageing time
                setfd BRIDGE TIME               Set bridge forward delay
                sethello BRIDGE TIME            Set hello time
                setmaxage BRIDGE TIME           Set max message age
                setpathcost BRIDGE COST         Set path cost
                setportprio BRIDGE PRIO         Set port priority
                setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO       Set bridge priority
                stp BRIDGE [1/yes/on|0/no/off]  STP on/off

    bunzip2
        bunzip2 [-cf] [FILE]...

        Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

        Options:

                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force

    bzcat
        bzcat FILE

        Decompress to stdout

    bzip2
        bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm

        Options:

                -1..9   Compression level
                -d      Decompress
                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force

    cal cal [-jy] [[MONTH] YEAR]

        Display a calendar

        Options:

                -j      Use julian dates
                -y      Display the entire year

    cat cat [FILE]...

        Concatenate FILEs and print them to stdout

    catv
        catv [-etv] [FILE]...

        Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x

        Options:

                -e      End each line with $
                -t      Show tabs as ^I
                -v      Don't use ^x or M-x escapes

    chat
        chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND...]]]

        Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A
        script consists of one or more "expect-send" pairs of strings, each
        pair is a pair of arguments. Example: chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456
        CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'

    chattr
        chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v VERSION] [FILE]...

        Change file attributes on an ext2 fs

        Modifiers:

                -       Remove attributes
                +       Add attributes
                =       Set attributes
        Attributes:

                A       Don't track atime
                a       Append mode only
                c       Enable compress
                D       Write dir contents synchronously
                d       Don't backup with dump
                i       Cannot be modified (immutable)
                j       Write all data to journal first
                s       Zero disk storage when deleted
                S       Write file contents synchronously
                t       Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files
                u       Allow file to be undeleted
        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -v      Set the file's version/generation number

    chgrp
        chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...

        Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP

        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -h      Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
                -L      Traverse all symlinks to directories
                -H      Traverse symlinks on command line only
                -P      Don't traverse symlinks (default)
                -c      List changed files
                -v      Verbose
                -f      Hide errors

    chmod
        chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

        Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-=
        and one or more of the letters rwxst

        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -c      List changed files
                -v      List all files
                -f      Hide errors

    chown
        chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...

        Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP

        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -h      Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
                -L      Traverse all symlinks to directories
                -H      Traverse symlinks on command line only
                -P      Don't traverse symlinks (default)
                -c      List changed files
                -v      List all files
                -f      Hide errors

    chpasswd
        chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted]

        Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd

        Options:

                -e,--encrypted  Supplied passwords are in encrypted form
                -m,--md5        Use MD5 encryption instead of DES

    chpst
        chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] [-/ DIR] [-n
        NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG
        ARGS

        Change the process state, run PROG

        Options:

                -u USER[:GRP]   Set uid and gid
                -U USER[:GRP]   Set $UID and $GID in environment
                -e DIR          Set environment variables as specified by files
                                in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file
                -/ DIR          Chroot to DIR
                -n NICE         Add NICE to nice value
                -m BYTES        Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES
                -d BYTES        Limit data segment
                -o N            Limit number of open files per process
                -p N            Limit number of processes per uid
                -f BYTES        Limit output file sizes
                -c BYTES        Limit core file size
                -v              Verbose
                -P              Create new process group
                -0              Close stdin
                -1              Close stdout
                -2              Close stderr

    chroot
        chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS]

        Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT

    chrt
        chrt [-prfom] [PRIO] [PID | PROG ARGS]

        Change scheduling priority and class for a process

        Options:

                -p      Operate on PID
                -r      Set SCHED_RR class
                -f      Set SCHED_FIFO class
                -o      Set SCHED_OTHER class
                -m      Show min/max priorities

    chvt
        chvt N

        Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

    cksum
        cksum FILES...

        Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES

    clear
        clear

        Clear screen

    cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]

        Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin)

        Options:

                -l      Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
                        for all differing bytes
                -s      Quiet

    comm
        comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2

        Compare FILE1 with FILE2

        Options:

                -1      Suppress lines unique to FILE1
                -2      Suppress lines unique to FILE2
                -3      Suppress lines common to both files

    cp  cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST

        Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

        Options:

                -a      Same as -dpR
                -R,-r   Recurse
                -d,-P   Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
                -L      Follow all symlinks
                -H      Follow symlinks on command line
                -p      Preserve file attributes if possible
                -f      Overwrite
                -i      Prompt before overwrite
                -l,-s   Create (sym)links

    cpio
        cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR]

        Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create an archive (-o)
        or copy files (-p) using file list on stdin

        Main operation mode:

                -t      List
                -i      Extract
                -o      Create (requires -H newc)
                -p DIR  Copy files to DIR
        Options:

                -d      Make leading directories
                -m      Preserve mtime
                -v      Verbose
                -u      Overwrite
                -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file
                -H newc Archive format

    crond
        crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR

                -f      Foreground
                -b      Background (default)
                -S      Log to syslog (default)
                -l      Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8
                -d      Set log level, log to stderr
                -L      Log to file
                -c      Working dir

    crontab
        crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]

                -c      Crontab directory
                -u      User
                -l      List crontab
                -e      Edit crontab
                -r      Delete crontab
                FILE    Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)

    cryptpw
        cryptpw [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]

        Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)

        Options:

                -P,--password-fd=N      Read password from fd N
                -m,--method=TYPE        Encryption method TYPE
                -S,--salt=SALT

    cttyhack
        cttyhack PROG ARGS

        Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab
        (for busybox init): ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving
        controlling tty to shell running with PID 1: $ exec cttyhack sh
        Starting interactive shell from boot shell script:

                setsid cttyhack sh

    cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print selected fields from each input FILE to stdout

        Options:

                -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
                -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
                -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
                -s      Output only the lines containing delimiter
                -f N    Print only these fields
                -n      Ignored

    date
        date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]

        Display time (using +FMT), or set time

        Options:

                [-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME
                -u,--utc        Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
                -R,--rfc-2822   Output RFC-2822 compliant date string
                -I[SPEC]        Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
                                SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
                                'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
                                time to the indicated precision
                -r,--reference FILE     Display last modification time of FILE
                -d,--date TIME  Display TIME, not 'now'
                -D FMT          Use FMT for -d TIME conversion

        Recognized TIME formats:

                hh:mm[:ss]
                [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
                YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
                [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]

    dc  dc EXPRESSION...

        Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %,
        mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, p - print top of the stack (without
        popping), f - print entire stack, o - pop the value and set output
        radix (must be 10, 16, 8 or 2). Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, 'dc 8 8
        * 2 2 + /' -> 16

    dd  dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
        [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]

        Copy a file with converting and formatting

        Options:

                if=FILE         Read from FILE instead of stdin
                of=FILE         Write to FILE instead of stdout
                bs=N            Read and write N bytes at a time
                ibs=N           Read N bytes at a time
                obs=N           Write N bytes at a time
                count=N         Copy only N input blocks
                skip=N          Skip N input blocks
                seek=N          Skip N output blocks
                conv=notrunc    Don't truncate output file
                conv=noerror    Continue after read errors
                conv=sync       Pad blocks with zeros
                conv=fsync      Physically write data out before finishing

        Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k
        (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G
        (x1073741824)

    deallocvt
        deallocvt [N]

        Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN

    delgroup
        delgroup [USER] GROUP

        Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP

    deluser
        deluser USER

        Delete USER from the system

    depmod
        depmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]...

        Options:

                -r      Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean
                -q      Quiet
                -v      Verbose
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr

    devmem
        devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]

        Read/write from physical address

                ADDRESS Address to act upon
                WIDTH   Width (8/16/...)
                VALUE   Data to be written

    df  df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM]...

        Print filesystem usage statistics

        Options:

                -P      POSIX output format
                -k      1024-byte blocks (default)
                -m      1M-byte blocks
                -h      Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
                -a      Show all filesystems
                -i      Inodes
                -B SIZE Blocksize

    dhcprelay
        dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP]

        Relay DHCP requests between clients and server

    diff
        diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2

        Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
        This implementation supports unified diffs only.

        Options:

                -a      Treat all files as text
                -b      Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
                -B      Ignore changes whose lines are all blank
                -d      Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
                -i      Ignore case differences
                -L      Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
                -N      Treat absent files as empty
                -q      Output only whether files differ
                -r      Recurse
                -S      Start with FILE when comparing directories
                -T      Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
                -s      Report when two files are the same
                -t      Expand tabs to spaces in output
                -U      Output LINES lines of context
                -w      Ignore all whitespace

    dirname
        dirname FILENAME

        Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME

    dmesg
        dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]

        Print or control the kernel ring buffer

        Options:

                -c              Clear ring buffer after printing
                -n LEVEL        Set console logging level
                -s SIZE         Buffer size

    dnsd
        dnsd [-dvs] [-c CONFFILE] [-t TTL_SEC] [-p PORT] [-i ADDR]

        Small static DNS server daemon

        Options:

                -c FILE Config file
                -t SEC  TTL
                -p PORT Listen on PORT
                -i ADDR Listen on ADDR
                -d      Daemonize
                -v      Verbose
                -s      Send successful replies only. Use this if you want
                        to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines:
                                nameserver DNSD_SERVER
                                nameserver NORNAL_DNS_SERVER

    dos2unix
        dos2unix [-ud] [FILE]

        Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is
        given, use stdin/stdout.

        Options:

                -u      dos2unix
                -d      unix2dos

    du  du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...

        Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space
        is printed in units of 1024 bytes.

        Options:

                -a      Show file sizes too
                -L      Follow all symlinks
                -H      Follow symlinks on command line
                -d N    Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
                -c      Show grand total
                -l      Count sizes many times if hard linked
                -s      Display only a total for each argument
                -x      Skip directories on different filesystems
                -h      Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
                -m      Sizes in megabytes
                -k      Sizes in kilobytes (default)

    dumpkmap
        dumpkmap > keymap

        Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout

    dumpleases
        dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE]

        Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd

        Options:

                -f,--file=FILE  Lease file
                -r,--remaining  Show remaining time
                -a,--absolute   Show expiration time

    echo
        echo [-neE] [ARG]...

        Print the specified ARGs to stdout

        Options:

                -n      Suppress trailing newline
                -e      Interpret backslash escapes (i.e., \t=tab)
                -E      Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)

    ed  ed

    eject
        eject [-t] [-T] [DEVICE]

        Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom

        Options:

                -s      SCSI device
                -t      Close tray
                -T      Open/close tray (toggle)

    env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG ARGS]

        Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the
        specified environment

        Options:

                -, -i   Start with an empty environment
                -u      Remove variable from the environment

    envdir
        envdir DIR PROG ARGS

        Set various environment variables as specified by files in the
        directory DIR, run PROG

    envuidgid
        envuidgid USER PROG ARGS

        Set $UID to USER's uid and $GID to USER's gid, run PROG

    ether-wake
        ether-wake [-b] [-i iface] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]] MAC

        Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a
        station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known
        'ethers' entry.

        Options:

                -b              Send wake-up packet to the broadcast address
                -i iface        Interface to use (default eth0)
                -p pass         Append four or six byte password PW to the packet

    expand
        expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]...

        Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout

        Options:

                -i,--initial    Don't convert tabs after non blanks
                -t,--tabs=N     Tabstops every N chars

    expr
        expr EXPRESSION

        Print the value of EXPRESSION to stdout

        EXPRESSION may be:

                ARG1 | ARG2     ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
                ARG1 & ARG2     ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
                ARG1 < ARG2     1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
                ARG1 <= ARG2
                ARG1 = ARG2
                ARG1 != ARG2
                ARG1 >= ARG2
                ARG1 > ARG2
                ARG1 + ARG2     Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
                ARG1 - ARG2
                ARG1 * ARG2
                ARG1 / ARG2
                ARG1 % ARG2
                STRING : REGEXP         Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
                match STRING REGEXP     Same as STRING : REGEXP
                substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
                index STRING CHARS      Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
                length STRING           Length of STRING
                quote TOKEN             Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
                                        it is a keyword like 'match' or an
                                        operator like '/'
                (EXPRESSION)            Value of EXPRESSION

        Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
        Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
        lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
        \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
        of characters matched or 0.

    fakeidentd
        fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING]

        Provide fake ident (auth) service

        Options:

                -f      Run in foreground
                -i      Inetd mode
                -w      Inetd 'wait' mode
                -b ADDR Bind to specified address
                STRING  Ident answer string (default: nobody)

    false
        false

        Return an exit code of FALSE (1)

    fbset
        fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE]

        Show and modify frame buffer settings

    fbsplash
        fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD]

        Options:

                -s      Image
                -c      Hide cursor
                -d      Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0)
                -i      Config file (var=value):
                                BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT
                                BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B
                -f      Control pipe (else exit after drawing image)
                                commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'

    fdflush
        fdflush DEVICE

        Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change

    fdformat
        fdformat [-n] DEVICE

        Format floppy disk

        Options:

                -n      Don't verify after format

    fdisk
        fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK

        Change partition table

        Options:

                -u              Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
                -l              Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
                -b 2048         (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
                -C CYLINDERS    Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
                -H HEADS
                -S SECTORS

    fgconsole
        fgconsole

        Get active console

    find
        find [PATH]... [EXPRESSION]

        Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory, default
        EXPRESSION is '-print'

        EXPRESSION may consist of:

                -follow         Follow symlinks
                -xdev           Don't descend directories on other filesystems
                -maxdepth N     Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
                                tests/actions to command line arguments only
                -mindepth N     Don't act on first N levels
                -name PATTERN   File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN
                -iname PATTERN  Case insensitive -name
                -path PATTERN   Path matches PATTERN
                -regex PATTERN  Path matches regex PATTERN
                -type X         File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
                -perm NNN       Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN),
                                or exactly NNN
                -mtime DAYS     Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                                or exactly N days
                -mmin MINS      Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                                or exactly N minutes
                -newer FILE     Modified time is more recent than FILE's
                -inum N         File has inode number N
                -user NAME      File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed)
                -group NAME     File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed)
                -depth          Process directory name after traversing it
                -size N[bck]    File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.))
                                +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
                -links N        Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                                or exactly N
                -print          Print (default and assumed)
                -print0         Delimit output with null characters rather than
                                newlines
                -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the
                                matching files
                -prune          Stop traversing current subtree
                -delete         Delete files, turns on -depth option
                (EXPR)          Group an expression

    findfs
        findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid

        Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID

    flock
        flock [-sxun] FD|{FILE [-c] PROG ARGS}

        [Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG

        Options:

                -s      Shared lock
                -x      Exclusive lock (default)
                -u      Unlock FD
                -n      Fail rather than wait

    fold
        fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...

        Wrap input lines in each FILE (or stdin), writing to stdout

        Options:

                -b      Count bytes rather than columns
                -s      Break at spaces
                -w      Use WIDTH columns instead of 80

    free
        free [-b/k/m/g]

        Display the amount of free and used system memory

    freeramdisk
        freeramdisk DEVICE

        Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk

    fsck
        fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C FD] [-t FSTYPE] [FS_OPTS] [BLOCKDEV]...

        Check and repair filesystems

        Options:

                -A      Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems
                -N      Don't execute, just show what would be done
                -P      With -A, check filesystems in parallel
                -R      With -A, skip the root filesystem
                -T      Don't show title on startup
                -V      Verbose
                -C n    Write status information to specified filedescriptor
                -t TYPE List of filesystem types to check

    fsck.minix
        fsck.minix [-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV

        Check MINIX filesystem

        Options:

                -l      List all filenames
                -r      Perform interactive repairs
                -a      Perform automatic repairs
                -v      Verbose
                -s      Output superblock information
                -m      Show "mode not cleared" warnings
                -f      Force file system check

    fsync
        fsync [-d] FILE...

        Write files' buffered blocks to disk

        Options:

                -d      Avoid syncing metadata

    ftpd
        ftpd [-wvS] [-t N] [-T N] [DIR]

        Anonymous FTP server

        ftpd should be used as an inetd service. ftpd's line for inetd.conf:
        21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve It also can be
        ran from tcpsvd:

                tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve

        Options:

                -w      Allow upload
                -v      Log to stderr
                -S      Log to syslog
                -t,-T   Idle and absolute timeouts
                DIR     Change root to this directory

    ftpget
        ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE

        Retrieve a remote file via FTP

        Options:

                -c,--continue   Continue previous transfer
                -v,--verbose    Verbose
                -u,--username   Username
                -p,--password   Password
                -P,--port       Port number

    ftpput
        ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE

        Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP

        Options:

                -v,--verbose    Verbose
                -u,--username   Username
                -p,--password   Password
                -P,--port       Port number

    fuser
        fuser [OPTIONS] FILE or PORT/PROTO

        Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs

        Options:

                -m      Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
                -4,-6   Search only IPv4/IPv6 space
                -s      Don't display PIDs
                -k      Kill found processes
                -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL)

    getopt
        getopt [OPTIONS]

        Options:

                -a,--alternative                Allow long options starting with single -
                -l,--longoptions=longopts       Long options to be recognized
                -n,--name=progname              The name under which errors are reported
                -o,--options=optstring          Short options to be recognized
                -q,--quiet                      Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
                -Q,--quiet-output               No normal output
                -s,--shell=shell                Set shell quoting conventions
                -T,--test                       Test for getopt(1) version
                -u,--unquoted                   Don't quote the output

    getty
        getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE TTY [TERMTYPE]

        Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login

        Options:

                -h              Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control
                -i              Don't display /etc/issue before running login
                -L              Local line, don't do carrier detect
                -m              Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message
                -w              Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
                -n              Don't prompt the user for a login name
                -f ISSUE_FILE   Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
                -l LOGIN        Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login
                -t SEC          Terminate after SEC if no username is read
                -I INITSTR      Send INITSTR before anything else
                -H HOST         Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname

    grep
        grep [-HhnlLoqvsriwFE] [-m N] [-A/B/C N] PATTERN/-e PATTERN.../-f
        FILE [FILE]...

        Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)

        Options:

                -H      Add 'filename:' prefix
                -h      Do not add 'filename:' prefix
                -n      Add 'line_no:' prefix
                -l      Show only names of files that match
                -L      Show only names of files that don't match
                -c      Show only count of matching lines
                -o      Show only the matching part of line
                -q      Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
                -v      Select non-matching lines
                -s      Suppress open and read errors
                -r      Recurse
                -i      Ignore case
                -w      Match whole words only
                -F      PATTERN is a literal (not regexp)
                -E      PATTERN is an extended regexp
                -m N    Match up to N times per file
                -A N    Print N lines of trailing context
                -B N    Print N lines of leading context
                -C N    Same as '-A N -B N'
                -e PTRN Pattern to match
                -f FILE Read pattern from file

    gunzip
        gunzip [-cft] [FILE]...

        Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

        Options:

                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force
                -t      Test file integrity

    gzip
        gzip [-cfd] [FILE]...

        Compress FILEs (or stdin)

        Options:

                -d      Decompress
                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force

    halt
        halt [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] [-w]

        Halt the system

        Options:

                -d SEC  Delay interval
                -n      Do not sync
                -f      Force (don't go through init)
                -w      Only write a wtmp record

    hd  hd FILE...

        hd is an alias for hexdump -C

    hdparm
        hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE]

        Options:

                -a      Get/set fs readahead
                -A      Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1)
                -b      Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
                -B      Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255)
                -c      Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting
                -C      Check IDE power mode status
                -d      Get/set using_dma flag
                -D      Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt
                -f      Flush buffer cache for device on exit
                -g      Display drive geometry
                -h      Display terse usage information
                -i      Display drive identification
                -I      Detailed/current information directly from drive
                -k      Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
                -K      Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
                -L      Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
                -m      Get/set multiple sector count
                -n      Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)
                -p      Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
                -P      Set drive prefetch count
                -Q      Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported)
                -r      Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
                -R      Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
                -S      Set standby (spindown) timeout
                -t      Perform device read timings
                -T      Perform cache read timings
                -u      Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
                -U      Unregister an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
                -v      Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives
                -V      Display program version and exit immediately
                -w      Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
                -W      Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
                -x      Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
                -X      Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
                -y      Put IDE drive in standby mode
                -Y      Put IDE drive to sleep
                -Z      Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode
                -z      Reread partition table

    head
        head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print first 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more
        than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.

        Options:

                -n N[kbm]       Print first N lines
                -c N[kbm]       Print first N bytes
                -q              Never print headers
                -v              Always print headers

        N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2).

    hexdump
        hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] [FILE]...

        Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format

        Options:

                -b              One-byte octal display
                -c              One-byte character display
                -C              Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line
                -d              Two-byte decimal display
                -e FORMAT STRING
                -f FORMAT FILE
                -n LENGTH       Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input
                -o              Two-byte octal display
                -s OFFSET       Skip OFFSET bytes
                -v              Display all input data
                -x              Two-byte hexadecimal display
                -R              Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'

    hostid
        hostid

        Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine

    hostname
        hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]

        Get or set hostname or DNS domain name

        Options:

                -s      Short
                -i      Addresses for the hostname
                -d      DNS domain name
                -f      Fully qualified domain name
                -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname

    hwclock
        hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime]
        [-u|--utc] [-f FILE]

        Query and set hardware clock (RTC)

        Options:

                -r      Show hardware clock time
                -s      Set system time from hardware clock
                -w      Set hardware clock to system time
                -u      Hardware clock is in UTC
                -l      Hardware clock is in local time
                -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)

    id  id [OPTIONS] [USER]

        Print information about USER or the current user

        Options:

                -u      User ID
                -g      Group ID
                -G      Supplementary group IDs
                -n      Print names instead of numbers
                -r      Print real ID instead of effective ID

    ifconfig
        ifconfig [-a] interface [address]

        Configure a network interface

        Options:

                [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
                [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
                [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
                [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
                [outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
                [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
                [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
                [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
                [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
                [up|down] ...

    ifdown
        ifdown [-anmvf] [-i FILE] IFACE...

        Options:

                -a      De/configure all interfaces automatically
                -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
                -n      Print out what would happen, but don't do it
                        (note: doesn't disable mappings)
                -m      Don't run any mappings
                -v      Print out what would happen before doing it
                -f      Force de/configuration

    ifenslave
        ifenslave [-cdf] MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE...

        Configure network interfaces for parallel routing

        Options:

                -c,--change-active      Change active slave
                -d,--detach             Remove slave interface from bonding device
                -f,--force              Force, even if interface is not Ethernet

    ifplugd
        ifplugd [OPTIONS]

        Network interface plug detection daemon

        Options:

                -n              Don't daemonize
                -s              Don't log to syslog
                -i IFACE        Interface
                -f/-F           Treat link detection error as link down/link up
                                (otherwise exit on error)
                -a              Don't up interface at each link probe
                -M              Monitor creation/destruction of interface
                                (otherwise it must exist)
                -r PROG         Script to run
                -x ARG          Extra argument for script
                -I              Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script
                -p              Don't run script on daemon startup
                -q              Don't run script on daemon quit
                -l              Run script on startup even if no cable is detected
                -t SECS         Poll time in seconds
                -u SECS         Delay before running script after link up
                -d SECS         Delay after link down
                -m MODE         API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto)
                -k              Kill running daemon

    ifup
        ifup [-anmvf] [-i FILE] IFACE...

        Options:

                -a      De/configure all interfaces automatically
                -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
                -n      Print out what would happen, but don't do it
                        (note: doesn't disable mappings)
                -m      Don't run any mappings
                -v      Print out what would happen before doing it
                -f      Force de/configuration

    inetd
        inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE]

        Listen for network connections and launch programs

        Options:

                -f      Run in foreground
                -e      Log to stderr
                -q N    Socket listen queue (default: 128)
                -R N    Pause services after N connects/min
                        (default: 0 - disabled)

    init
        init

        Init is the parent of all processes

    insmod
        insmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]...

        Options:

                -r      Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean
                -q      Quiet
                -v      Verbose
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr

    install
        install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [SOURCE]... DEST

        Copy files and set attributes

        Options:

                -c      Just copy (default)
                -d      Create directories
                -D      Create leading target directories
                -s      Strip symbol table
                -p      Preserve date
                -o USER Set ownership
                -g GRP  Set group ownership
                -m MODE Set permissions

    ionice
        ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG]

        Change I/O priority and class

        Options:

                -c      Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle
                -n      Priority

    iostat
        iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL
        [COUNT]]

        Report CPU and I/O statistics

        Options:

                -c      Show CPU utilization
                -d      Show device utilization
                -t      Print current time
                -z      Omit devices with no activity
                -k      Use kb/s
                -m      Use Mb/s

    ip  ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND}

        ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} where OBJECT := {address | route |
        link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link }
        | -o[neline] }

    ipaddr
        ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush} [dev STRING] [to
        PREFIX] }

        ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr {show|flush} [dev
        STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN] IFADDR :=
        PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR] [anycast ADDR] [label
        STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | NUMBER]

    ipcalc
        ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK]

        Calculate IP network settings from a IP address

        Options:

                -b,--broadcast  Display calculated broadcast address
                -n,--network    Display calculated network address
                -m,--netmask    Display default netmask for IP
                -p,--prefix     Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK
                -h,--hostname   Display first resolved host name
                -s,--silent     Don't ever display error messages

    ipcrm
        ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id]

        Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-case
        options remove an object by shmid value.

        Options:

                -mM     Remove memory segment after last detach
                -qQ     Remove message queue
                -sS     Remove semaphore

    ipcs
        ipcs [[-smq] -i shmid] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]]

                -i      Show specific resource
        Resource specification:

                -m      Shared memory segments
                -q      Message queues
                -s      Semaphore arrays
                -a      All (default)
        Output format:

                -t      Time
                -c      Creator
                -p      Pid
                -l      Limits
                -u      Summary

    iplink
        iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [DEVICE] }

        iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } |
        dynamic { on | off } | mtu MTU } iplink show [DEVICE]

    iproute
        iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append | replace |
        monitor } ROUTE }

        iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS
        iif STRING] [oif STRING] [tos TOS] iproute { add | del | change |
        append | replace | monitor } ROUTE SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match
        PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] ROUTE := [TYPE] PREFIX [tos TOS] [proto
        RTPROTO] [metric METRIC]

    iprule
        iprule {[list | add | del] RULE}

        iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTION SELECTOR := [from PREFIX]
        [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK] [dev STRING] [pref NUMBER]
        ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDRESS] [prohibit | reject |
        unreachable] [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] TABLE_ID := [local | main
        | default | NUMBER]

    iptunnel
        iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] [mode { ipip | gre |
        sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]

        iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] [mode { ipip | gre |
        sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY]
        [[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV]

    kbd_mode
        kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY]

        Report or set the keyboard mode

        Options:

                -a      Default (ASCII)
                -k      Medium-raw (keyboard)
                -s      Raw (scancode)
                -u      Unicode (utf-8)
                -C TTY  Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty

    kill
        kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...

        Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs

        Options:

                -l      List all signal names and numbers

    killall
        killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...

        Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes

        Options:

                -l      List all signal names and numbers
                -q      Don't complain if no processes were killed

    killall5
        killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...

        Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current
        session

        Options:

                -l      List all signal names and numbers
                -o PID  Don't signal this PID

    klogd
        klogd [-c N] [-n]

        Kernel logger

        Options:

                -c N    Only messages with level < N are printed to console
                -n      Run in foreground

    last
        last [-HW] [-f FILE]

        Show listing of the last users that logged into the system

        Options:

                -W      Display with no host column truncation
                -f FILE Read from FILE instead of /var/log/wtmp

    length
        length STRING

        Print STRING's length

    less
        less [-EMNmh~I?] [FILE]...

        View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time

        Options:

                -E      Quit once the end of a file is reached
                -M,-m   Display status line with line numbers
                        and percentage through the file
                -N      Prefix line number to each line
                -I      Ignore case in all searches
                -~      Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file

    ln  ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIR

        Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)

        Options:

                -s      Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
                -f      Remove existing destinations
                -n      Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
                -b      Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
                -S suf  Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files

    loadfont
        loadfont < font

        Load a console font from stdin

    loadkmap
        loadkmap < keymap

        Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin

    logger
        logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE]

        Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog

        Options:

                -s      Log to stderr as well as the system log
                -t TAG  Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
                -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)

    login
        login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]

        Begin a new session on the system

        Options:

                -f      Don't authenticate (user already authenticated)
                -h      Name of the remote host
                -p      Preserve environment

    logname
        logname

        Print the name of the current user

    logread
        logread [-f]

        Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer

        Options:

                -f      Output data as log grows

    losetup
        losetup [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices losetup -d
        LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup [-f] - show

        Options:

                -o OFS  Start OFS bytes into FILE
                -f      Show first free loop device

    ls  ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [FILE]...

        List directory contents

        Options:

                -1      List in a single column
                -A      Don't list . and ..
                -a      Don't hide entries starting with .
                -C      List by columns
                -c      With -l: sort by ctime
                --color[={always,never,auto}]   Control coloring
                -d      List directory entries instead of contents
                -e      List full date and time
                -F      Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
                -i      List inode numbers
                -l      Long listing format
                -n      List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
                -p      Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
                -L      List entries pointed to by symlinks
                -R      Recurse
                -r      Sort in reverse order
                -S      Sort by file size
                -s      List the size of each file, in blocks
                -T N    Assume tabstop every N columns
                -t      With -l: sort by modification time
                -u      With -l: sort by access time
                -v      Sort by version
                -w N    Assume the terminal is N columns wide
                -x      List by lines
                -X      Sort by extension
                -h      List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)

    lsattr
        lsattr [-Radlv] [FILE]...

        List file attributes on an ext2 fs

        Options:

                -R      Recurse
                -a      Don't hide entries starting with .
                -d      List directory entries instead of contents
                -l      List long flag names
                -v      List the file's version/generation number

    lsmod
        lsmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]...

        Options:

                -r      Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean
                -q      Quiet
                -v      Verbose
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr

    lspci
        lspci [-mk]

        List all PCI devices

                -m      Parseable output
                -k      Show driver

    lzcat
        lzcat FILE

        Decompress to stdout

    lzma
        lzma -d [-cf] [FILE]...

        Decompress FILE (or stdin)

        Options:

                -d      Decompress
                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force

    lzop
        lzop [-cfvd123456789CF] [FILE]...

        Options:

                -1..9   Compression level
                -d      Decompress
                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force
                -v      Verbose
                -F      Don't store or verify checksum
                -C      Also write checksum of compressed block

    lzopcat
        lzopcat [-vCF] [FILE]...

                -v      Verbose
                -F      Don't store or verify checksum

    makedevs
        makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir

        Create a range of special files as specified in a device table.
        Device table entries take the form of:

        <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count>
        Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular file d
        Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named pipe) uid
        is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the
        target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to
        device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries.

    man man [-aw] [MANPAGE]...

        Format and display manual page

        Options:

                -a      Display all pages
                -w      Show page locations

    md5sum
        md5sum [FILE]... or: md5sum -c [-sw] [FILE]

        Print or check MD5 checksums

        Options:

                -c      Check sums against given list
                -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
                -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

    mdev
        mdev [-s]

                -s      Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot

        It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: echo
        /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf with
        lines [-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG]

    mesg
        mesg [y|n]

        Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access to your
        terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal

    microcom
        microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY

        Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout

        Options:

                -d      Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every
                        next byte to it
                -t      Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
                -s      Set serial line to SPEED
                -X      Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin

    mkdir
        mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...

        Create DIRECTORY

        Options:

                -m MODE Mode
                -p      No error if exists; make parent directories as needed

    mkdosfs
        mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Make a FAT32 filesystem

        Options:

                -v      Verbose
                -n LBL  Volume label

    mke2fs
        mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m
        RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

                -b BLK_SIZE     Block size, bytes
                -F              Force
                -i RATIO        Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
                -I BYTES        Inode size (min 128)
                -L LBL          Volume label
                -m PERCENT      Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
                -n              Dry run

    mkfifo
        mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME

        Create named pipe

        Options:

                -m MODE Mode (default a=rw)

    mkfs.ext2
        mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m
        RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

                -b BLK_SIZE     Block size, bytes
                -F              Force
                -i RATIO        Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
                -I BYTES        Inode size (min 128)
                -L LBL          Volume label
                -m PERCENT      Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
                -n              Dry run

    mkfs.minix
        mkfs.minix [-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Make a MINIX filesystem

        Options:

                -c              Check device for bad blocks
                -n [14|30]      Maximum length of filenames
                -i INODES       Number of inodes for the filesystem
                -l FILE         Read bad blocks list from FILE
                -v              Make version 2 filesystem

    mkfs.vfat
        mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Make a FAT32 filesystem

        Options:

                -v      Verbose
                -n LBL  Volume label

    mknod
        mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR

        Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)

        Options:

                -m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw)
        TYPE:
                b       Block device
                c or u  Character device
                p       Named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)

    mkpasswd
        mkpasswd [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]

        Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)

        Options:

                -P,--password-fd=N      Read password from fd N
                -m,--method=TYPE        Encryption method TYPE
                -S,--salt=SALT

    mkswap
        mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition

        Options:

                -L LBL  Label

    mktemp
        mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]

        Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its
        name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).

        Options:

                -d      Make a directory instead of a file
                -t      Generate a path rooted in temporary directory
                -p DIR  Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)

        For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else
        -p DIR, else /tmp

    modinfo
        modinfo [-adlp0] [-F keyword] MODULE

        Options:

                -a              Shortcut for '-F author'
                -d              Shortcut for '-F description'
                -l              Shortcut for '-F license'
                -p              Shortcut for '-F parm'
                -F keyword      Keyword to look for
                -0              Separate output with NULs

    modprobe
        modprobe [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]...

        Options:

                -r      Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean
                -q      Quiet
                -v      Verbose
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr

    more
        more [FILE]...

        View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time

    mount
        mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPTS] DEVICE NODE

        Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.

        Options:

                -a              Mount all filesystems in fstab
                -f              Dry run
                -r              Read-only mount
                -w              Read-write mount (default)
                -t FSTYPE       Filesystem type
                -O OPT          Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
        -o OPT:
                loop            Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
                [a]sync         Writes are [a]synchronous
                [no]atime       Disable/enable updates to inode access times
                [no]diratime    Disable/enable atime updates to directories
                [no]relatime    Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
                [no]dev         (Dis)allow use of special device files
                [no]exec        (Dis)allow use of executable files
                [no]suid        (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
                [r]shared       Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
                [r]slave        Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
                [r]private      Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
                [un]bindable    Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
                bind            Bind a file or directory to another location
                move            Relocate an existing mount point
                remount         Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags
                ro/rw           Same as -r/-w

        There are filesystem-specific -o flags.

    mountpoint
        mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE>

        Check if the directory is a mountpoint

        Options:

                -q      Quiet
                -d      Print major/minor device number of the filesystem
                -n      Print device name of the filesystem
                -x      Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice

    mpstat
        mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL
        [COUNT]]

        Per-processor statistics

        Options:

                -A                      Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL
                -I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU     Report interrupt statistics
                -P num|ALL              Processor to monitor
                -u                      Report CPU utilization

    mt  mt [-f device] opcode value

        Control magnetic tape drive operation

        Available Opcodes:

        bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm
        fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension
        rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock
        weof wset

    mv  mv [-fin] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... DIRECTORY

        Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

        Options:

                -f      Don't prompt before overwriting
                -i      Interactive, prompt before overwrite
                -n      Don't overwrite an existing file

    nameif
        nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}]

        Rename network interface while it in the down state

        Options:

                -c FILE         Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab)
                -s              Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility)
                IFNAME MACADDR  new_interface_name interface_mac_address

    nbd-client
        nbd-client HOST PORT BLOCKDEV

        Connect to HOST and provide a network block device on BLOCKDEV

    nc  nc [-iN] [-wN] [-l] [-p PORT] [-f FILE|IPADDR PORT] [-e PROG]

        Open a pipe to IP:PORT or FILE

        Options:

                -e PROG Run PROG after connect
                -l      Listen mode, for inbound connects
                        (use -l twice with -e for persistent server)
                -p PORT Local port
                -w SEC  Timeout for connect
                -i SEC  Delay interval for lines sent
                -f FILE Use file (ala /dev/ttyS0) instead of network

    netstat
        netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp]

        Display networking information

        Options:

                -r      Routing table
                -a      All sockets
                -l      Listening sockets
                        Else: connected sockets
                -t      TCP sockets
                -u      UDP sockets
                -w      Raw sockets
                -x      Unix sockets
                        Else: all socket types
                -e      Other/more information
                -n      Don't resolve names
                -W      Wide display
                -p      Show PID/program name for sockets

    nice
        nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS]

        Change scheduling priority, run PROG

        Options:

                -n ADJUST       Adjust priority by ADJUST

    nmeter
        nmeter format_string

        Monitor system in real time

        Format specifiers:

         %Nc or %[cN]   Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10
                        (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
         %[niface]      Monitor network interface 'iface'
         %m             Monitor allocated memory
         %[mf]          Monitor free memory
         %[mt]          Monitor total memory
         %s             Monitor allocated swap
         %f             Monitor number of used file descriptors
         %Ni            Monitor total/specific IRQ rate
         %x             Monitor context switch rate
         %p             Monitor forks
         %[pn]          Monitor # of processes
         %b             Monitor block io
         %Nt            Show time (with N decimal points)
         %Nd            Milliseconds between updates (default:1000)
         %r             Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL

    nohup
        nohup PROG ARGS

        Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty

    nslookup
        nslookup [HOST] [SERVER]

        Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally
        using a specified DNS server

    ntpd
        ntpd [-dnqNwl] [-S PROG] [-p PEER]...

        NTP client/server

        Options:

                -d      Verbose
                -n      Do not daemonize
                -q      Quit after clock is set
                -N      Run at high priority
                -w      Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n
                -l      Run as server on port 123
                -S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 mins
                -p PEER Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated)

    od  od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE] [FILE]

        Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE
        (or stdin) to stdout

    openvt
        openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS]

        Start PROG on a new virtual terminal

        Options:

                -c N    Use specified VT
                -s      Switch to the VT
                -w      Wait for PROG to exit

    passwd
        passwd [OPTIONS] [USER]

        Change USER's password. If no USER is specified, changes the
        password for the current user.

        Options:

                -a ALG  Algorithm to use for password (des, md5)
                -d      Delete password for the account
                -l      Lock (disable) account
                -u      Unlock (re-enable) account

    patch
        patch [OPTIONS] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]

                -p,--strip N            Strip N leading components from file names
                -i,--input DIFF         Read DIFF instead of stdin
                -R,--reverse            Reverse patch
                -N,--forward            Ignore already applied patches
                --dry-run               Don't actually change files
                -E,--remove-empty-files Remove output files if they become empty

    pgrep
        pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

        Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

        Options:

                -l      Show command name too
                -f      Match against entire command line
                -n      Show the newest process only
                -o      Show the oldest process only
                -v      Negate the match
                -x      Match whole name (not substring)
                -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
                -P      Match parent process ID

    pidof
        pidof [OPTIONS] [NAME]...

        List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs

        Options:

                -s      Show only one PID
                -o PID  Omit given pid
                        Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent

    ping
        ping [OPTIONS] HOST

        Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

        Options:

                -4,-6           Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
                -c CNT          Send only CNT pings
                -s SIZE         Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
                -I IFACE/IP     Use interface or IP address as source
                -W SEC          Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)
                                (after all -c CNT packets are sent)
                -w SEC          Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
                                (can exit earlier with -c CNT)
                -q              Quiet, only displays output at start
                                and when finished

    ping6
        ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST

        Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

        Options:

                -c CNT          Send only CNT pings
                -s SIZE         Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
                -I IFACE/IP     Use interface or IP address as source
                -q              Quiet, only displays output at start
                                and when finished

    pivot_root
        pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD

        Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the
        new root file system

    pkill
        pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

        Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

        Options:

                -l      List all signals
                -f      Match against entire command line
                -n      Signal the newest process only
                -o      Signal the oldest process only
                -v      Negate the match
                -x      Match whole name (not substring)
                -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
                -P      Match parent process ID

    pmap
        pmap [-x][-q] PID

        Display detailed precesses' memory usage

        Options:

             -x              show details
             -q              quiet

    poweroff
        poweroff [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f]

        Halt and shut off power

        Options:

                -d SEC  Delay interval
                -n      Do not sync
                -f      Force (don't go through init)

    powertop
        powertop

        Analyze power consumption on Intel-based laptops

    printenv
        printenv [VARIABLE]...

        Print environment VARIABLEs. If no VARIABLE specified, print all.

    printf
        printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...

        Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, where FORMAT
        controls the output exactly as in C printf

    ps  ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T]

        Show list of processes

        Options:

                -o COL1,COL2=HEADER     Select columns for display
                -T                      Show threads

    pscan
        pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT]
        HOST

        Scan a host, print all open ports

        Options:

                -c      Show closed ports too
                -b      Show blocked ports too
                -p      Scan from this port (default 1)
                -P      Scan up to this port (default 1024)
                -t      Timeout (default 5000 ms)
                -T      Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)

    pwd pwd

        Print the full filename of the current working directory

    raidautorun
        raidautorun DEVICE

        Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays

    rdate
        rdate [-sp] HOST

        Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST

        Options:

                -s      Set the system date and time (default)
                -p      Print the date and time

    rdev
        rdev

        Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'

    readahead
        readahead [FILE]...

        Preload FILEs to RAM

    readlink
        readlink [-fnv] FILE

        Display the value of a symlink

        Options:

                -f      Canonicalize by following all symlinks
                -n      Don't add newline
                -v      Verbose

    readprofile
        readprofile [OPTIONS]

        Options:

                -m mapfile      (Default: /boot/System.map)
                -p profile      (Default: /proc/profile)
                -M NUM          Set the profiling multiplier to NUM
                -i              Print only info about the sampling step
                -v              Verbose
                -a              Print all symbols, even if count is 0
                -b              Print individual histogram-bin counts
                -s              Print individual counters within functions
                -r              Reset all the counters (root only)
                -n              Disable byte order auto-detection

    realpath
        realpath FILE...

        Return the absolute pathnames of given FILE

    reboot
        reboot [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f]

        Reboot the system

        Options:

                -d SEC  Delay interval
                -n      Do not sync
                -f      Force (don't go through init)

    remove-shell
        remove-shell SHELL...

        Remove SHELLs from /etc/shells

    renice
        renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...]

        Change scheduling priority for a running process

        Options:

                -n      Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster)
                -p      Process id(s) (default)
                -g      Process group id(s)
                -u      Process user name(s) and/or id(s)

    reset
        reset

        Reset the screen

    resize
        resize

        Resize the screen

    rev rev [FILE]...

        Reverse lines of FILE

    rm  rm [-irf] FILE...

        Remove (unlink) FILEs

        Options:

                -i      Always prompt before removing
                -f      Never prompt
                -R,-r   Recurse

    rmdir
        rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...

        Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty

        Options:

                -p|--parents    Include parents
                --ignore-fail-on-non-empty

    rmmod
        rmmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]...

        Options:

                -r      Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean
                -q      Quiet
                -v      Verbose
                -f      Force
                -w      Wait for unload
                -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr

    route
        route [{add|del|delete}]

        Edit kernel routing tables

        Options:

                -n      Don't resolve names
                -e      Display other/more information
                -A inet{6}      Select address family

    rtcwake
        rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME]

        Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time

                -a,--auto       Read clock mode from adjtime
                -l,--local      Clock is set to local time
                -u,--utc        Clock is set to UTC time
                -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device
                -m,--mode=MODE  Set the sleep state (default: standby)
                -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now
                -t,--time=TIME  Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch

    run-parts
        run-parts [-t] [-l] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY

        Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY

        Options:

                -t      Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything
                -a ARG  Pass ARG as argument for every program
                -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program
                -l      Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable

    runlevel
        runlevel [FILE]

        Find the current and previous system runlevel

        If no utmp FILE exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print
        "unknown"

    runsv
        runsv DIR

        Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service

    runsvdir
        runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] DIR

        Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart
        it.

                -P              Put each runsv in a new session
                -s SCRIPT       Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed

    rx  rx FILE

        Receive a file using the xmodem protocol

    script
        script [-afqt] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]

        Options:

                -a      Append output
                -c PROG Run PROG, not shell
                -f      Flush output after each write
                -q      Quiet
                -t      Send timing to stderr

    scriptreplay
        scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]]

        Play back typescripts, using timing information

    sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]...

        Options:

                -e CMD  Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
                -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
                -i      Edit files in-place (else sends result to stdout)
                -n      Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
                -r      Use extended regex syntax

        If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command
        string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).

    seq seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST

        Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC
        default to 1.

        Options:

                -w      Pad to last with leading zeros
                -s SEP  String separator

    setarch
        setarch personality PROG ARGS

        Personality may be:

                linux32         Set 32bit uname emulation
                linux64         Set 64bit uname emulation

    setconsole
        setconsole [-r|--reset] [DEVICE]

        Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty)

        Options:

                -r      Reset output to /dev/console

    setfont
        setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY]

        Load a console font

        Options:

                -m MAPFILE      Load console screen map
                -C TTY          Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty

    setkeycodes
        setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE...

        Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing
        unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.

        SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is
        given in decimal.

    setlogcons
        setlogcons N

        Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)

    setsid
        setsid PROG ARGS

        Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal
        and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). See
        setsid(2) for details.

    setuidgid
        setuidgid USER PROG ARGS

        Set uid and gid to USER's uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids,
        run PROG

    sha1sum
        sha1sum [FILE]... or: sha1sum -c [-sw] [FILE]

        Print or check SHA1 checksums

        Options:

                -c      Check sums against given list
                -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
                -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

    sha256sum
        sha256sum [FILE]... or: sha256sum -c [-sw] [FILE]

        Print or check SHA256 checksums

        Options:

                -c      Check sums against given list
                -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
                -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

    sha512sum
        sha512sum [FILE]... or: sha512sum -c [-sw] [FILE]

        Print or check SHA512 checksums

        Options:

                -c      Check sums against given list
                -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
                -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

    showkey
        showkey [-a | -k | -s]

        Show keys pressed

        Options:

                -a      Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys
                -k      Display interpreted keycodes (default)
                -s      Display raw scan-codes

    slattach
        slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED] [-p PROTOCOL] DEVICE

        Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s)

        Options:

                -p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive)
                -s SPD  Set line speed
                -e      Exit after initializing device
                -h      Exit when the carrier is lost
                -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up
                -m      Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode
                -L      Enable 3-wire operation
                -F      Disable RTS/CTS flow control

    sleep
        sleep [N]...

        Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each
        arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or
        (d)ays

    smemcap
        smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR

        Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout

    softlimit
        softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] [-f
        BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG ARGS

        Set soft resource limits, then run PROG

        Options:

                -a BYTES        Limit total size of all segments
                -m BYTES        Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES
                -d BYTES        Limit data segment
                -s BYTES        Limit stack segment
                -l BYTES        Limit locked memory size
                -o N            Limit number of open files per process
                -p N            Limit number of processes per uid
        Options controlling file sizes:

                -f BYTES        Limit output file sizes
                -c BYTES        Limit core file size
        Efficiency opts:

                -r BYTES        Limit resident set size
                -t N            Limit CPU time, process receives
                                a SIGXCPU after N seconds

    sort
        sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k
        start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...

        Sort lines of text

        Options:

                -b      Ignore leading blanks
                -c      Check whether input is sorted
                -d      Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
                -f      Ignore case
                -g      General numerical sort
                -i      Ignore unprintable characters
                -k      Sort key
                -M      Sort month
                -n      Sort numbers
                -o      Output to file
                -k      Sort by key
                -t CHAR Key separator
                -r      Reverse sort order
                -s      Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
                -u      Suppress duplicate lines
                -z      Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline
                -mST    Ignored for GNU compatibility

    split
        split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]

        Options:

                -b N[k|m]       Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes
                -l N            Split by N lines
                -a N            Use N letters as suffix

    start-stop-daemon
        start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- ARGS...]

        Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching
        processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found.

        Process matching:

                -u,--user USERNAME|UID  Match only this user's processes
                -n,--name NAME          Match processes with NAME
                                        in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
                -x,--exec EXECUTABLE    Match processes with this command
                                        in /proc/PID/cmdline
                -p,--pidfile FILE       Match a process with PID from the file
                All specified conditions must match
        -S only:
                -x,--exec EXECUTABLE    Program to run
                -a,--startas NAME       Zeroth argument
                -b,--background         Background
                -N,--nicelevel N        Change nice level
                -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group
                -m,--make-pidfile       Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p
        -K only:
                -s,--signal SIG         Signal to send
                -t,--test               Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found
        Other:

                -o,--oknodo             Exit with status 0 if nothing is done
                -v,--verbose            Verbose
                -q,--quiet              Quiet

    stat
        stat [OPTIONS] FILE...

        Display file (default) or filesystem status

        Options:

                -c fmt  Use the specified format
                -f      Display filesystem status
                -L      Follow links
                -t      Display info in terse form

        Valid format sequences for files:

         %a     Access rights in octal
         %A     Access rights in human readable form
         %b     Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
         %B     The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
         %d     Device number in decimal
         %D     Device number in hex
         %f     Raw mode in hex
         %F     File type
         %g     Group ID of owner
         %G     Group name of owner
         %h     Number of hard links
         %i     Inode number
         %n     File name
         %N     File name, with -> TARGET if symlink
         %o     I/O block size
         %s     Total size, in bytes
         %t     Major device type in hex
         %T     Minor device type in hex
         %u     User ID of owner
         %U     User name of owner
         %x     Time of last access
         %X     Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
         %y     Time of last modification
         %Y     Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
         %z     Time of last change
         %Z     Time of last change as seconds since Epoch

        Valid format sequences for file systems:

         %a     Free blocks available to non-superuser
         %b     Total data blocks in file system
         %c     Total file nodes in file system
         %d     Free file nodes in file system
         %f     Free blocks in file system
         %i     File System ID in hex
         %l     Maximum length of filenames
         %n     File name
         %s     Block size (for faster transfer)
         %S     Fundamental block size (for block counts)
         %t     Type in hex
         %T     Type in human readable form

    strings
        strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]...

        Display printable strings in a binary file

        Options:

                -a      Scan whole file (default)
                -f      Precede strings with filenames
                -n LEN  At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
                -o      Precede strings with decimal offsets

    stty
        stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...

        Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations
        from stty sane

        Options:

                -F DEVICE       Open device instead of stdin
                -a              Print all current settings in human-readable form
                -g              Print in stty-readable form
                [SETTING]       See manpage

    su  su [OPTIONS] [-] [USERNAME]

        Change user id or become root

        Options:

                -p,-m   Preserve environment
                -c CMD  Command to pass to 'sh -c'
                -s SH   Shell to use instead of default shell

    sulogin
        sulogin [-t N] [TTY]

        Single user login

        Options:

                -t N    Timeout

    sum sum [-rs] [FILE]...

        Checksum and count the blocks in a file

        Options:

                -r      Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
                -s      Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)

    sv  sv [-v] [-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR...

        Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only first
        character is enough):

        status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start it.
        If service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service stops,
        don't restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits,
        start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service
        exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they
        exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1,
        2, term, kill: send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2,
        TERM, KILL signal to service

    svlogd
        svlogd [-ttv] [-r C] [-R CHARS] [-l MATCHLEN] [-b BUFLEN] DIR...

        Continuously read log data from stdin, optionally filter log
        messages, and write the data to one or more automatically rotated
        logs

    swapoff
        swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]

        Stop swapping on DEVICE

        Options:

                -a      Stop swapping on all swap devices

    swapon
        swapon [-a] [-p PRI] [DEVICE]

        Start swapping on DEVICE

        Options:

                -a      Start swapping on all swap devices
                -p PRI  Set swap device priority

    switch_root
        switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]

        Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:

        chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute
        NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.

        Options:

                -c DEV  Reopen stdio to DEV after switch

    sync
        sync

        Write all buffered blocks to disk

    sysctl
        sysctl [OPTIONS] [VALUE]...

        Configure kernel parameters at runtime

        Options:

                -n      Don't print key names
                -e      Don't warn about unknown keys
                -w      Change sysctl setting
                -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
                -a      Display all values
                -A      Display all values in table form

    syslogd
        syslogd [OPTIONS]

        System logging utility. This version of syslogd ignores
        /etc/syslog.conf

        Options:

                -n              Run in foreground
                -O FILE         Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages)
                -l N            Set local log level
                -S              Smaller logging output
                -s SIZE         Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off)
                -b N            N rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge)
                -R HOST[:PORT]  Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
                -L              Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)
                -D              Drop duplicates
                -C[size(KiB)]   Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)

    tac tac [FILE]...

        Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse

    tail
        tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more
        than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.

        Options:

                -f              Print data as file grows
                -s SECONDS      Wait SECONDS between reads with -f
                -n N[kbm]       Print last N lines
                -c N[kbm]       Print last N bytes
                -q              Never print headers
                -v              Always print headers

        N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). If N
        starts with a '+', output begins with the Nth item from the start of
        each file, not from the end.

    tar tar -[cxtzjamvO] [-X FILE] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE]...

        Create, extract, or list files from a tar file

        Operation:

                c       Create
                x       Extract
                t       List
        Options:

                f       Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out)
                C       Change to DIR before operation
                v       Verbose
                z       (De)compress using gzip
                j       (De)compress using bzip2
                a       (De)compress using lzma
                O       Extract to stdout
                h       Follow symlinks
                m       Don't restore mtime
                exclude File to exclude
                X       File with names to exclude
                T       File with names to include

    tcpsvd
        tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT
        PROG

        Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming
        connection. Run PROG for each connection.

                IP              IP to listen on. '0' = all
                PORT            Port to listen on
                PROG ARGS       Program to run
                -l NAME         Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
                -u USER[:GRP]   Change to user/group after bind
                -c N            Handle up to N connections simultaneously
                -b N            Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs
                -C N[:MSG]      Allow only up to N connections from the same IP.
                                New connections from this IP address are closed
                                immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close
                -h              Look up peer's hostname
                -E              Don't set up environment variables
                -v              Verbose

    tee tee [-ai] [FILE]...

        Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout

        Options:

                -a      Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite
                -i      Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)

    telnet
        telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]

        Connect to telnet server

        Options:

                -a      Automatic login with $USER variable
                -l USER Automatic login as USER

    telnetd
        telnetd [OPTIONS]

        Handle incoming telnet connections

        Options:

                -l LOGIN        Exec LOGIN on connect
                -f ISSUE_FILE   Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
                -K              Close connection as soon as login exits
                                (normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
                -p PORT         Port to listen on
                -b ADDR[:PORT]  Address to bind to
                -F              Run in foreground
                -i              Inetd mode
                -w SEC          Inetd 'wait' mode, linger time SEC
                -S              Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w)

    test
        test EXPRESSION ]

        Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code
        depending on logical value of EXPRESSION

    tftp
        tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]

        Transfer a file from/to tftp server

        Options:

                -l FILE Local FILE
                -r FILE Remote FILE
                -g      Get file
                -p      Put file
                -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets

    tftpd
        tftpd [-cr] [-u USER] [DIR]

        Transfer a file on tftp client's request

        tftpd should be used as an inetd service. tftpd's line for
        inetd.conf: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd /files/to/serve It
        also can be ran from udpsvd:

                udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve

        Options:

                -r      Prohibit upload
                -c      Allow file creation via upload
                -u      Access files as USER

    time
        time [-v] PROG ARGS

        Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits

        Options:

                -v      Verbose

    timeout
        timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG ARGS

        Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds.
        Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM.

    top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS] [-m]

        Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of
        all processes from /proc each SECONDS and display a screenful of
        them.

    touch
        touch [-c] [-d DATE] [-r FILE] FILE [FILE]...

        Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]

        Options:

                -c      Don't create files
                -d DT   Date/time to use
                -r FILE Use FILE's date/time

    tr  tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

        Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to
        stdout

        Options:

                -c      Take complement of STRING1
                -d      Delete input characters coded STRING1
                -s      Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

    traceroute
        traceroute [-46FIldnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q
        PROBES] [-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-g GATEWAY] [-i IFACE]
        [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]

        Trace the route to HOST

        Options:

                -4,-6   Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
                -F      Set the don't fragment bit
                -I      Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
                -l      Display the TTL value of the returned packet
                -d      Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
                -n      Print numeric addresses
                -r      Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
                -v      Verbose
                -m      Max time-to-live (max number of hops)
                -p      Base UDP port number used in probes
                        (default 33434)
                -q      Number of probes per TTL (default 3)
                -s      IP address to use as the source address
                -t      Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
                -w      Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3)
                -g      Loose source route gateway (8 max)

    traceroute6
        traceroute6 [-dnrv] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES] [-s SRC_IP]
        [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-i IFACE] HOST [BYTES]

        Trace the route to HOST

        Options:

                -d      Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
                -n      Print numeric addresses
                -r      Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
                -v      Verbose
                -m      Max time-to-live (max number of hops)
                -p      Base UDP port number used in probes
                        (default is 33434)
                -q      Number of probes per TTL (default 3)
                -s      IP address to use as the source address
                -t      Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
                -w      Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3)

    true
        true

        Return an exit code of TRUE (0)

    tty tty

        Print file name of stdin's terminal

        Options:

                -s      Print nothing, only return exit status

    ttysize
        ttysize [w] [h]

        Print dimension(s) of stdin's terminal, on error return 80x25

    tunctl
        tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name) [-u owner] [-g group] [-b]

        Create or delete tun interfaces

        Options:

                -f name         tun device (/dev/net/tun)
                -t name         Create iface 'name'
                -d name         Delete iface 'name'
                -u owner        Set iface owner
                -g group        Set iface group
                -b              Brief output

    udhcpc
        udhcpc [-fbnqvoCR] [-i IFACE] [-r IP] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-H
        HOSTNAME] [-V VENDOR] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]... [-P N]

                -i,--interface IFACE    Interface to use (default eth0)
                -p,--pidfile FILE       Create pidfile
                -s,--script PROG        Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)
                -t,--retries N          Send up to N discover packets
                -T,--timeout N          Pause between packets (default 3 seconds)
                -A,--tryagain N         Wait N seconds after failure (default 20)
                -f,--foreground         Run in foreground
                -b,--background         Background if lease is not obtained
                -n,--now                Exit if lease is not obtained
                -q,--quit               Exit after obtaining lease
                -R,--release            Release IP on exit
                -S,--syslog             Log to syslog too
                -P,--client-port N      Use port N (default 68)
                -a,--arping             Use arping to validate offered address
                -O,--request-option OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative)
                -o,--no-default-options Don't request any options (unless -O is given)
                -r,--request IP         Request this IP address
                -x OPT:VAL              Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative)
                                        Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts:
                                        -x hostname:bbox - option 12
                                        -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time)
                                        -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id)
                -F,--fqdn NAME          Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME
                -H,-h,--hostname NAME   Send NAME as client hostname (default none)
                -V,--vendorclass VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION')
                -C,--clientid-none      Don't send MAC as client identifier
                -v                      Verbose

    udhcpd
        udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [CONFFILE]

        DHCP server

                -f      Run in foreground
                -S      Log to syslog too
                -P N    Use port N (default 67)

    udpsvd
        udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG

        Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets.
        Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same
        peer ip:port to it.

                IP              IP to listen on. '0' = all
                PORT            Port to listen on
                PROG ARGS       Program to run
                -l NAME         Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
                -u USER[:GRP]   Change to user/group after bind
                -c N            Handle up to N connections simultaneously
                -h              Look up peer's hostname
                -E              Don't set up environment variables
                -v              Verbose

    umount
        umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY

        Unmount file systems

        Options:

                -a      Unmount all file systems
                -r      Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
                -l      Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
                -f      Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
                -d      Free loop device if it has been used

    uname
        uname [-amnrspv]

        Print system information

        Options:

                -a      Print all
                -m      The machine (hardware) type
                -n      Hostname
                -r      OS release
                -s      OS name (default)
                -p      Processor type
                -v      OS version

    unexpand
        unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]...

        Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout

        Options:

                -a,--all        Convert all blanks
                -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks
                -t,--tabs=N     Tabstops every N chars

    uniq
        uniq [-cdu][-f,s,w N] [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

        Discard duplicate lines

        Options:

                -c      Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
                -d      Only print duplicate lines
                -u      Only print unique lines
                -f N    Skip first N fields
                -s N    Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
                -w N    Compare N characters in line

    unix2dos
        unix2dos [-ud] [FILE]

        Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is
        given, use stdin/stdout.

        Options:

                -u      dos2unix
                -d      unix2dos

    unlzma
        unlzma [-cf] [FILE]...

        Decompress FILE (or stdin)

        Options:

                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force

    unlzop
        unlzop [-cfvCF] [FILE]...

        Options:

                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force
                -v      Verbose
                -F      Don't store or verify checksum

    unxz
        unxz [-cf] [FILE]...

        Decompress FILE (or stdin)

        Options:

                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force

    unzip
        unzip [-opts[modifiers]] FILE[.zip] [LIST] [-x XLIST] [-d DIR]

        Extract files from ZIP archives

        Options:

                -l      List archive contents (with -q for short form)
                -n      Never overwrite files (default)
                -o      Overwrite
                -p      Send output to stdout
                -q      Quiet
                -x XLST Exclude these files
                -d DIR  Extract files into DIR

    uptime
        uptime

        Display the time since the last boot

    usleep
        usleep N

        Pause for N microseconds

    uudecode
        uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]

        Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is
        given

    uuencode
        uuencode [-m] [INFILE] STORED_FILENAME

        Uuencode a file to stdout

        Options:

                -m      Use base64 encoding per RFC1521

    vconfig
        vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]

        Create and remove virtual ethernet devices

        Options:

                add             [interface-name] [vlan_id]
                rem             [vlan-name]
                set_flag        [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1]
                set_egress_map  [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
                set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
                set_name_type   [name-type]

    vi  vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Edit FILE

        Options:

                -c      Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
                -R      Read-only
                -H      Short help regarding available features

    vlock
        vlock [-a]

        Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.

        Options:

                -a      Lock all VTs

    volname
        volname [DEVICE]

        Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)

    wall
        wall [FILE]

        Write content of FILE or stdin to all logged-in users

    watch
        watch [-n SEC] [-t] PROG ARGS

        Run PROG periodically

        Options:

                -n      Loop period in seconds (default 2)
                -t      Don't print header

    watchdog
        watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV

        Periodically write to watchdog device DEV

        Options:

                -T N    Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
                -t N    Reset every N seconds (default 30)
                -F      Run in foreground

        Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds

    wc  wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]...

        Count lines, words, and bytes for each FILE (or stdin)

        Options:

                -c      Count bytes
                -m      Count characters
                -l      Count newlines
                -w      Count words
                -L      Print longest line length

    wget
        wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet]
        [-O|--output-document FILE] [--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy
        on/off] [-P DIR] [--no-check-certificate] [-U|--user-agent AGENT][-T
        SEC] URL

        Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP

        Options:

                -s      Spider mode - only check file existence
                -c      Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
                -q      Quiet
                -P DIR  Save to DIR (default .)
                -T SEC  Network read timeout is SEC seconds
                -O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout)
                -U STR  Use STR for User-Agent header
                -Y      Use proxy ('on' or 'off')

    which
        which [COMMAND]...

        Locate a COMMAND

    who who [-a]

        Show who is logged on

        Options:

                -a      Show all

    whoami
        whoami

        Print the user name associated with the current effective user id

    xargs
        xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]

        Run PROG on every item given by stdin

        Options:

                -p      Ask user whether to run each command
                -r      Don't run command if input is empty
                -0      Input is separated by NUL characters
                -t      Print the command on stderr before execution
                -e[STR] STR stops input processing
                -n N    Pass no more than N args to PROG
                -s N    Pass command line of no more than N bytes
                -x      Exit if size is exceeded

    xz  xz -d [-cf] [FILE]...

        Decompress FILE (or stdin)

        Options:

                -d      Decompress
                -c      Write to stdout
                -f      Force

    xzcat
        xzcat FILE

        Decompress to stdout

    yes yes [STRING]

        Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y'

    zcat
        zcat FILE

        Decompress to stdout

    zcip
        zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT

        Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address

        Options:

                -f              Run in foreground
                -q              Quit after obtaining address
                -r 169.254.x.x  Request this address first
                -v              Verbose

        With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits
        only on I/O errors (link down etc)

LIBC NSS
    GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
    behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
    how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This
    is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using
    one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using
    any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login
    and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.

    If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions
    to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files
    without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the
    need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.

    When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
    require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
    particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
    and /lib/libresolv*).

    Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
    uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc
    does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.

MAINTAINER
    Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>

AUTHORS
    The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
    it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
    probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If
    you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done
    needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.

    Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> run-parts

    Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>

        Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
        core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
        Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
        nobody is going to actually read.

    Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>

        rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm

    Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>

        ftpput, ftpget

    Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>

        expr, hostid, logname, whoami

    John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>

        du, nslookup, sort

    Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

        tiny-ls(ls)

    Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

        fbset, ping, hostname

    Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>

        more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
        various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance

    Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>

        ipcalc

    Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>

        tftp client insmod powerpc support

    Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>

        pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.

    Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>

        httpd

    Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>

        Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
        logread), various fixes.

    Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

        cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.

    Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>

        mktemp.c

    Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>

        documentation, bugfixes, test suite

    Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>

        ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence

    John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>

        tr

    Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>

        Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
        nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
        Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.

    Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>

        cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
        mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
        get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines

        also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
        ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
        mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
        interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route

    Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>

        cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
        ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
        locale, various fixes
        and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.

    Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>

        Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
        still be found hiding here and there...

    Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>

        bug fixes, member of fan club

    Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>

        reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.

    Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>

        wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications

    Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>

        Lots of bugs fixes and patches.

    Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>

        Remote logging feature for syslogd

    Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

        mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix

    Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>

        grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
        style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.

    Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

        gzip, mini-netcat(nc)

    Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

        tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance

    Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>

        devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.

    Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us>

        vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes

    Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name>

        port: dnsd

    Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com>

        misc

    Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>

        initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc

    Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>

        fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)

